Official feasts used to be an important part of the human community. People would gather together to remember something sacred, express their faith and hope for the future, and / or just be together formally, recognizing each other as being part of a shared community. Few things express a desire for shared companionship and social intimacy more than dining together. Sadly, the gathering together for feasting is increasingly a relic of the past – at least here in the West.
It need not be so! Today we will remember the ancient feasts.
The Feast Day of St. Ivo of Kermartin
This is a Christian religious celebration of Ivo, a 13th and early 14th century lawyer, ecclesiastical judge, and parish priest in Brittany. He was renowned for his fair and impartial verdicts as well as for his care for the poor. Later in his life, he built a hospital and personally provided care for the sick and poor. He is a patron saint of lawyers, abandoned children, and the region of Brittany.
Ivo of Kermartin, TOSF (17 October 1253 – 19 May 1303), also known as Yvo, Yves, or Ives (and in Breton as Erwan, Iwan, Youenn or Eozenn, depending on the region, and known as Yves Hélory (also Helori or Heloury) in French), was a parish priest among the poor of Louannec, the only one of his station to be canonized in the Middle Ages. He is the patron of Brittany, lawyers, and abandoned children. His feast day is 19 May. Poetically, he is referred to as “advocate of the poor”.
Life
Born at Kermartin, a manor near Tréguier in Brittany, on 17 October 1253, Ivo was the son of Helori, lord of Kermartin, and Azo du Kenquis. In 1267 Ivo was sent to the Faculty of Law of Paris (University of Paris), where he graduated in civil law. While other students caroused, Ivo studied, prayed and visited the sick. He also refused to eat meat or drink wine. Among his fellow-students were the scholars Duns Scotus and Roger Bacon. He went to Orléans in 1277 to study canon law under Peter de la Chapelle, a famous journalist who later became bishop of Toulouse and a cardinal.
Landscape with the Preaching of Saint Ivo, by Lucas van Uden
On his return to Brittany, having received minor orders, he was appointed an “official”, the title given to an ecclesiastical judge, of the archdeanery of Rennes (1280). He protected orphans and widows, defended the poor, and rendered fair and impartial verdicts. It is said that even those on the losing side respected his decisions. Ivo also represented the helpless in other courts, paid their expenses and visited them in prison. Although it was common to give judges “gifts”, Ivo refused bribes. He often helped many disputing parties settle out of court so they could save money.
Meanwhile, he studied Scripture, and there are strong reasons for believing the tradition held among Franciscans that he joined the Third Order of St. Francis sometime later at Guingamp. Ivo was ordained to the priesthood in 1284. He continued to practice law and once, when a mother and son could not resolve many of their differences, he offered a Mass for them. They immediately reached a settlement.
Ivo was soon invited by the Bishop of Tréguier to become his official, and accepted the offer in 1284. He displayed great zeal and rectitude in the discharge of his duty and did not hesitate to resist taxation by the king, which he considered an encroachment on the rights of the Church. Due to his charity he gained the title of advocate and patron of the poor. Having been ordained he was appointed to the parish of Tredrez in 1285.
Eight years later he was sent to Louannec, where he built a hospital and himself helped care for the sick. Ivo died in 1303 of natural causes after a life of hard work and repeated fasting.
John Wigmore retells the famous story of St. Ives and the Widow of Tours, writing in the Fordham Law Review in 1936:
Tours was near Orleans; the bishop held his court there; and Ivo, while visiting the court, lodged with a certain widow. One day he found his widow-landlady in tears. Her tale was that next day she must go to court to answer to the suit of a traveling merchant who had tricked her. It seemed that two of them, Doe and Roe, lodging with her, had left in her charge a casket of valuables, while they went off on their business, but with the strict injunction that she was to deliver it up again only to the two of them jointly demanding it. That day, Doe had come back, and called for the casket, saying that his partner Roe was detained elsewhere. She in good faith in his story had delivered the casket to Doe, but then later came Roe demanding it, charging his partner with wronging him, and holding the widow responsible for delivering up the casket to Doe contrary to the terms of their directions. She stated if she had to pay for those valuables it would ruin her. “Have no fear”, said young Ivo, “You should indeed have waited for the two men to appear together, but I will go to court tomorrow, for you, and will save you from ruin”. So when the case was called before the Judge, and the merchant Roe charged the widow with breach of faith, “Not so”, pleaded Ivo, “My client need not yet make answer to this claim. The plaintiff has not proved his case. The terms of the bailment were that the casket should be demanded by the two merchants coming together, but here is only one of them making the demand. “Where is the other? Let the plaintiff produce his partner.” The judge promptly approved his plea, whereupon the merchant, required to produce his fellow, turned pale, fell a-trembling, and would have retired. The judge, suspecting something from his plight, ordered him to be arrested and questioned; the other merchant was also traced and brought in, and the casket was recovered; which, when opened, was found to contain nothing but old junk. In short, the two rascals had conspired to plant the casket with the widow, and then to coerce her to pay them the value of the alleged contents. Thus the young advocate saved the widow from ruin.
Legacy
The relics of Saints Ivo and Tugdual in a procession at the gate of Tréguier’s cathedral in 2005. In the reliquary is the skull of Saint Ivo.
On the occasion of the 700th anniversary of the death of St. Ivo, Pope John Paul II said, “The values proposed by St Ivo retain an astonishing timeliness. His concern to promote impartial justice and to defend the rights of the poorest persons invites the builders of Europe today to make every effort to ensure that the rights of all, especially the weakest, are recognized and defended.”
Saint Yves is the patron of lawyers. As a result, many law schools and associations of Catholic lawyers have taken his name. For instance, the Society of St. Yves in Jerusalem (a Catholic Center for Human Rights and Legal Aid, Resources and Development), the Conférence Saint-Yves [fr] in Luxembourg (the Luxembourg Catholic Lawyers Association), or the Association de la Saint Yves Lyonnais.
Veneration
Relic skull and reliquary of St. Ivo in Tréguier, Brittany, France
Sanctus Ivo erat Brito Advocatus et non latro Res miranda populo
Translation:
St Ivo was a Breton, A lawyer and not a thief; A wonderful thing for the people to set eyes on
Ivo was canonized in June 1347 by Clement VI at the urging of Philip I, Duke of Burgundy. At the inquest into his sanctity in 1331, many of his parishioners testified as to his goodness, that he preached regularly in both chapel and field, and that under him “the people of the land became twice as good as they had been before”. The connection between religion and good behaviour was especially stressed in his sermons.
Shortly after 1362, the future saint Jeanne-Marie de Maillé reported a vision of Yves (and an ecstasy, raptus), during which he told her, “If you are willing to abandon the world, you will taste here on earth the joys of heaven.”
Ivo is often represented with a purse in his right hand (for all the money he gave to the poor during his life) and a rolled paper in the other hand (for his charge as a judge). Another popular representation of Ivo is between a rich man and a poor one. The churches of Sant’Ivo alla Sapienza and Sant’Ivo dei Bretoni in Rome are dedicated to him.
What is something you can eat to celebrate the feast day of Saint Ivo?
The following is an old but tasty dessert from Brittany that Saint Ivo might have eaten in his lifetime. If you’re celebrating Ivo, and wanting to remember his biography with the help of food, I highly recommend this dish:
Preheat the oven to 450 degrees F (230 degrees C). Grease a shallow 2-quart baking dish.
Heat prunes with enough water to cover in a saucepan to a simmer; simmer until prunes are tender but still hold their shape, about 10 minutes. Drain prunes; arrange in bottom of the prepared baking dish.
Whisk flour, white sugar, vanilla sugar, baking powder, and salt together in a large bowl. Whisk in eggs, one at a time, beating well after each addition. Gradually pour in milk, stirring vigorously with a wooden spoon until combined. Stir in rum. Pour batter evenly over prunes.
Bake in the preheated oven for 10 minutes. Reduce the oven temperature to 400 degrees F (205 degrees C); bake until filling is firm, has risen a little, and top is browned, about 30 minutes. Serve warm or at room temperature.
What is a prayer to say when celebrating the Feast Day of Saint Ivo?
We humbly ask you, almighty God, that at the intercession of blessed Ivo you may multiply your gifts among us and order our days in peace. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.
(from The Roman Missal: Common of Pastors—For One Pastor)
When is the Feast Day of Saint Ivo of Kermartin celebrated?
This feast is celebrated annually on 19 May.
I hope that everyone who celebrates has a wonderful day!
